Этот скрипт конвертирует десятичное число в словесное описание , например :
number.pl 123456789123456789.12
one hundred twenty three quadrillion,
four hundred fifty six trillion,
seven hundred eighty nine billion,
one hundred twenty three million,
four hundred fifty six thousand,
seven hundred eighty nine
point
one
two
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
#!/usr/bin/perl -wT
# number - печатает английские имена десятичных цифр для любых десятичных чисел
# Copyright (c) 1998-2003 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
use strict;
use bytes;
use Math::BigInt;
use vars qw($opt_p $opt_l $opt_d $opt_m $opt_c $opt_o $opt_e $opt_h);
use Getopt::Long;
# version
my $version = '$Revision: 2.22 $';
# CGI / HTML variables
#
my $html = 0; # 1 ==> be are being invoked as a CGI script
my $cgi = 0; # CGI object, if invoked as a CGI script
my $preblock = 0; # 1 ==> we have output
if ($0 =~ /\.cgi$/) {
$html = 1;
use CGI qw(:standard :cgi-lib use_named_parameters -debug);
}
# GetOptions argument
#
my %optctl = (
"p" => \$opt_p, "l" => \$opt_l, "d" => \$opt_d, "m" => \$opt_m,
"c" => \$opt_c, "o" => \$opt_o, "e" => \$opt_e, "h" => \$opt_h
);
# Warning state
my $warn = $^W;
# Установим ограничение на слишком большие числа
my $big_input = 32768; # too many input digits for the web
my $big_latin_power = 100000; # 1000^big_latin_power is limit for the web
my $big_decimal = 1000000; # don't expand >$big_decimal digits on the web
my $big_digits = $big_input; # too many digits to produce a name for the web
my $big_timeout = 10; # max time to do anything
$SIG{ALRM} = sub { err("timeout"); };
# Защита от больших постов для веб-скрипта
$CGI::POST_MAX = $big_input + 1024; # limit post size to max digits + 1k
$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS = 1; # no uploads
my $big_bias = 1000; # a big bias (should be < 2^31).
my $two = Math::BigInt->new("2");
my $three = Math::BigInt->new("3");
my $eight = Math::BigInt->new("8");
my $neg_eight = Math::BigInt->new("-8");
my $ten = Math::BigInt->new("10");
my $hundred = Math::BigInt->new("100");
my $five_hundred = Math::BigInt->new("500");
my $dash = "";
# Латинская нотация
#
my @l_unit = ( "" , qw( un do tre quattuor quin sex septen octo novem ));
my @l_ten = ("", qw( dec vigin trigin quadragin quinquagin
sexagin septuagin octogin nonagin ));
my @l_hundred = ("", qw( cen ducen trecen quadringen quingen
sescen septingen octingen nongen ));
my @l_special = ("", qw( mi bi tri quadri quinti sexti septi octi noni ));
# Английская нотация - от 0 до 999
#
# массив english_3 необходим для группировки по 3 цифры
my @english_3;
my @digits = qw(zero one two three four five six seven eight nine);
my @tens = qw(zero ten twenty thirty forty
fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety);
my @teens = qw(ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen
fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen);
my $usage = "number [-p] [-l] [-d] [-m] [-c] [-o] [-e] [-h] [[--] number]";
my $help = qq{Usage:
$0 $usage
-p input is a power of 10
-l input is a Latin power (1000^x)
-d add dashes to help with pronunciation
-m output name in a more compact exponentiation form
-c output number in comma/dot form
-o output number on a single line
-e use European instead of American name system
-h print a help message only
-- the arg that follows is a number (useful if number is <0)
Все разделители игнорируются , кроме точки.
Число может быть в обычной или научной нотации (2.5e100).
Отрицательные числа и с плавающей точкой разрешаются.
Для отрицательных чисел :
./number -- -123
};
sub exp_number($$$);
sub print_number($$$$$$$);
sub latin_root($$);
sub american_kilo($);
sub european_kilo($);
sub power_of_ten($$$);
sub print_name($$$$$);
sub print_3($);
sub cgi_form();
sub trailer($);
sub big_err();
sub err($);
$SIG{PIPE} = sub { exit(2); };
# main
MAIN:
{
# my vars
#
my $sep; # разбивка по 3 цифры
my $point; # точка
my $integer; # integer part
my $fract; # fractional part
my $system; # American or European (but not a Swallow :-))
my $visit; # visit counter or error message
my $num; # input value
my $bias; # power of 10 bias (as BigInt) during de-sci conversion
my $neg; # 1 => number if < 0
# setup
select(STDOUT);
$| = 1;
# set the defaults
$opt_p = 0;
$opt_l = 0;
$opt_d = 0;
$opt_m = 0;
$opt_c = 0;
$opt_o = 0;
$opt_e = 0;
$opt_h = 0;
# если запускаем на веб-сервере
#
if ($html) {
# CGI setup
#
alarm($big_timeout);
$cgi = new CGI;
if (cgi_error()) {
print "Content-type: text/plain\n\n";
print "Your browser sent bad or too much data!\n";
print "Error: ", cgi_error(), "\n";
exit(1);
}
$cgi->use_named_parameters(1);
# print CGI form
#
$num = cgi_form();
# Если нет числа , выход
#
if (! defined $num) {
print $cgi->p, "\n";
trailer(0);
exit(0);
}
# НЕ-CGI
#
} elsif (!GetOptions(%optctl)) {
err("usage: $0 $usage");
exit(1);
}
# Распечатка help если нужно
#
if ($opt_h) {
print $help;
exit(0);
}
# -c conflicts with -l and -p
#
if ($opt_c && ($opt_l || $opt_p)) {
if ($html == 0) {
err("-c conflicts with either -l and/or -p");
} else {
err("You may only print decimal digits when the Type of " .
"input\nis just a number.");
}
}
# Определим наличие знака '-'
#
if ($opt_d) {
# print -'s between useful parts of the name
#
$dash = "-";
}
if ($opt_e) {
$system = "European";
$sep = ".";
$point = ",";
} else {
$system = "American";
$sep = ",";
$point = ".";
}
# число
#
if (defined $ARGV[0]) {
$num = $ARGV[0];
} elsif ($html == 0) {
# snarf the number from the entire stdin
#
$/ = undef;
$num = <>;
}
# Web-firewall
#
if ($html && length($num) > $big_input) {
big_err();
}
# уберем ненужное
#
$num =~ s/[\s\Q$sep\E]+//g;
# плюс или минус
# удаляем знак в любом случае
if ($neg = ($num =~ /^-/)) {
$num =~ s/^-//;
}
# стартовый 0
#
if ($num =~ /^0/) {
if ($num =~ /^00+$/) {
$num = "0";
} else {
$num =~ s/^0+//;
}
}
# firewall
#
if ($num =~ /\Q$point\E.*\Q$point\E/o) {
err("Numbers may have only one decimal $point.");
}
if ($num =~ /^$/) {
$num = "0";
}
# если научная нотация
if ($num =~ /[eE]/) {
if ($num !~ /^[\d\Q$point\E]+[Ee]-?\d+$/o) {
err(
"Scientific numbers may only have a leading -, digits\n" .
"an optional decimal $point (optionally followed by digits)\n" .
"before e (or E). The e (or E) may only be followed by an\n" .
"optional - and 1 more more digits after the e. All\n" .
"3 digit separators, leading 0's and whitespace characters\n" .
"are ignored.");
}
if ($num !~ /^\Q$point\E?\d/o) {
err("Scientific numbers must at least a digit before the e.");
}
$num = exp_number($num, $point, \$bias);
} else {
$bias = Math::BigInt->bzero();
}
# проверка числа
#
if ($num !~ /^[\d\Q$point\E]+$/o || $num =~ /^\Q$point\E$/) {
err("A number may only have a leading -, digits and an " .
"optional decimal ``$point''.\n" .
"All 3 digit separators and" .
"whitespace characters and leading 0's are ignored.");
}
# разбиваем на целую и дробную часть
#
($integer, $fract) = split /\Q$point\E/, $num;
if ($integer =~ /^$/) {
$integer = "0";
}
if ($bias > 0 && defined($fract) && $fract != 0) {
err("FATAL: Internal error, bias: $bias > 0 and fract: $fract != 0");
}
if ($bias < 0 && defined($integer) && $integer != 0) {
err("FATAL: Internal error, bias: $bias < 0 and int: $integer != 0");
}
# setup to output
#
if ($html) {
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print $cgi->hr, "\n";
print $cgi->p, "\n";
if ($opt_c) {
print $cgi->b("Decimal value:"), "\n";
} else {
print $cgi->b("Name of number:"), "\n";
}
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print "\n";
$preblock = 1;
}
# обработка исключений
#
if ($opt_p || $opt_l) {
if (defined($fract) || $neg) {
err("The power must be a non-negative integer.");
} else {
power_of_ten(\$integer, $system, $bias);
}
} elsif ($opt_c) {
if ($opt_o) {
print_number($sep, $neg, \$integer, $point, \$fract, 0, $bias);
} else {
print_number($sep, $neg, \$integer, $point, \$fract, 76, $bias);
}
} else {
print_name($neg, \$integer, \$fract, $system, $bias);
}
# Для веб-а
#
if ($html == 1) {
trailer(0);
}
exit(0);
}
# exp_number - конвертация научной нотации
# 1.234e2
# станет
# 123.4
# 12345.6e-10
# станет
# .123456
sub exp_number($$$)
{
my ($num, $point, $bias) = @_; # get args
my $expstr; # base 10 exponent (value after the E) as a string
my $exp; # base 10 exponent (value after the E) as a BigInt
my $lead; # lead digits (before the E)
my $int; # integer part of lead
my $frac; # fractional part of lead
# we have something like -3.5e70 or .5e50 or 4E50 or 4.E-49
# break it apart into before and after the E
#
($lead, $expstr) = split(/[Ee]/, $num);
$exp = Math::BigInt->new($expstr);
# If we have a 0 exponent, just return the lead with a zero bias
#
if ($exp == 0) {
$$bias = Math::BigInt->bzero();
return $lead;
}
# We need to split the lead between before and after the
# decimal point/comma
#
($int, $frac) = split(/\Q$point\E/, $lead);
$frac = "" if !defined($frac);
# If we need to move the decimal point/comma to the right, then
# we do so by moving digits from $fract onto the end of $int and
# adding more 0's onto the end of $int as needed.
#
if ($exp > 0) {
# If we have more exp than $frac digits, then just
# tack the $frac onto the end of the $int part. This
# will result in power of ten bias > 0.
#
if (length($frac) <= $exp) {
# move all $frac digits to the left of decimal point/comma
#
$int .= $frac;
$$bias = $exp - length($frac);
$frac = "";
# we have fewer exp than $frac digits, so we will move
# only part of the $frac to the $int side
#
} else {
# we use $expstr because we know that it is a small value
$int .= substr($frac, 0, $expstr);
$frac = substr($frac, $expstr);
$$bias = Math::BigInt->bzero();
}
# If we need to move the decimal point/comma to the left, then
# we do so by moving digits from the end of $int onto the front
# if $frac and adding more 0's on the front of $frac as needed.
#
} elsif ($exp < 0) {
# If we have more exp than $int digits, then we just
# tack the $int part onto the front of the $int part
# and set $int to 0. This will result in a power of
# ten bias < 0.
#
if (length($int) <= -$exp) {
# move all $int digits to the right of decimal point/comma
#
$$bias = $exp + length($int);
$frac = $int . $frac;
$int = "0";
# we have fewer exp than $int digits, so we will move
# only part of the $int to the $frac side
#
} else {
# we use $expstr because we know that it is a small value
$frac = substr($int, $expstr) . $frac;
$int = substr($int, 0, length($int)+$expstr);
$$bias = Math::BigInt->bzero();
}
}
# we have the value as decimal in $int and $frac, form the
# final decimal and return it
#
if ($frac =~ /^\d/) {
return $int . $point . $frac;
} else {
return $int;
}
}
# print_number - print the number with ,'s or .'s
#
# given:
# $sep , or . set of 3 digit separators
# $neg 1 => number is negative, 0 => non-negative
# \$integer integer part of the number
# $point decimal point/comma
# \$fract fractional part of number (or undef)
# $linelen max line length (0 => no limit)
# $bias power of 10 bias (as BigInt) during de-sci
# notation conversion
#
sub print_number($$$$$$$)
{
# get args
my ($sep, $neg, $integer, $point, $fract, $linelen, $bias) = @_;
my $wholelen; # length of the integer part as modified by bias
my $intlen; # length of the integer part without bias
my $fractlen; # length of the fractional part
my $leadlen; # length of digits, separators and - on 1st line
my $col; # current output column, first col is 1
my $i;
# deal with the zero special case
#
if (!defined($$integer) || $$integer eq "") {
$$integer = "0";
}
# determine if the web limits will apply
#
$intlen = 0;
if (defined($$integer)) {
$intlen = length($$integer);
}
$fractlen = 0;
if (defined($$fract)) {
$fractlen = length($$fract);
}
if ($html) {
my $fulllen; # approximate length of the input as BigInt
# $fulllen = abs($bias) + $fractlen + int($intlen*4/3)
$fulllen = $bias->copy();
$fulllen->babs();
$fulllen->badd($fractlen);
$fulllen->badd(int($intlen*4/3));
# if $fulllen > $big_decimal
if ($fulllen->bcmp($big_decimal) > 0) {
big_err();
}
}
# We will round the max line length down to a multiple of 4
#
if (!defined($linelen)) {
$linelen = 0;
} elsif ($linelen > 0) {
$linelen = int($linelen/4) * 4;
} else {
$linelen = 0;
}
# no line length specified (or value passed < 4) means just print it
# on a single line
#
if ($linelen == 0) {
# Print the number, and fraction if it exists on a single line.
#
if (defined($$fract)) {
# deal with a leading - if needed
print "-" if $neg;
# print thru the decimal point
print $$integer, $point;
# if biased, print 0's then fract
if ($bias < 0) {
# print 0's in big_bias chuncks at a time
#
# NOTE: Some implementations, using a BigInt count
# in an x (duplication) does not work. So we
# avoid this by printing big_bias chuncks at a time.
#
$bias->badd($big_bias);
while ($bias < 0) {
print "0" x $big_bias;
$bias->badd($big_bias);
}
$bias->bsub($big_bias);
if ($bias != 0) {
my $tmp;
$tmp = $bias->bstr();
print "0" x -$tmp;
}
}
# print the remainder of the fraction
#
print $$fract;
} else {
# deal with a leading - if needed
print "-" if $neg;
# print the integer digits
print $$integer;
# if biased, print 0's
if ($bias > 0) {
# print 0's in big_bias chuncks at a time
#
# NOTE: Some implementations, using a BigInt count
# in an x (duplication) does not work. So we
# avoid this by printing big_bias chuncks at a time.
#
$bias->bsub($big_bias);
if ($bias > 0) {
print "0" x $big_bias;
$bias->bsub($big_bias);
}
$bias->badd($big_bias);
if ($bias != 0) {
my $tmp;
$tmp = $bias->bstr();
print "0" x $tmp;
}
}
}
# If we have a line length, we need to insert newlines after
# the separators to keep within the max line length.
#
} else {
# determine the length of the integer part of the number
#
$wholelen = Math::BigInt->new($intlen);
if ($bias > 0) {
$wholelen += $bias;
}
$leadlen = $wholelen->copy();
if ($wholelen->bcmp(3) > 0) { # if >3
my $tmp;
# account for separators
#
# Some BigInt implementations issue uninitialized
# warnings internal to the BigInt code with the
# division below. We block these bogus warnings.
#
# $leadlen += ($wholelen-1)/3;
#
$tmp = $wholelen->copy();
$tmp->bdec();
$^W = 0;
$tmp->bdiv($three);
$^W = $warn;
$leadlen->badd($tmp);
}
if ($neg) {
# account for - sign
$leadlen->binc();
}
# print enough the leading whitespace so that the
# decimal point/comma will line up at the end of a line
#
# Some BigInt implementations issue uninitialized
# warnings internal to the BigInt code with the
# modulus below. We block these bogus warnings.
#
$^W = 0;
$col = ($linelen - (($leadlen+1) % $linelen)) % $linelen;
$^W = $warn;
print " " x $col;
# process a leading -, if needed
#
if ($neg) {
if (++$col >= $linelen) {
# This could mean that we have a lone - in the 1st line
# but there is nothing we can do about that if we want
# the decimal point/comma to be at the end of a line
# and the separators to line up in columns (particularly
# along the right hand edge)
print "-\n";
$col = 1;
} else {
print "-";
}
}
# output the leading digits before the first separator
#
if ($bias > 0) {
# Some BigInt implementations issue uninitialized
# warnings internal to the BigInt code with the
# modulus below. We block these bogus warnings.
#
$^W = 0;
# avoid turning $i in to a BitInt because of the
# later use in substr()
if ($bias % 3 == 0) {
$i = $intlen % 3;
} elsif ($bias % 3 == 1) {
$i = ($intlen+1) % 3;
} else {
$i = ($intlen+2) % 3;
}
$^W = $warn;
} else {
$i = $intlen % 3;
}
if ($i == 0) {
$i = 3;
}
$col += $i;
if ($i > $intlen) {
print substr($$integer, 0, $i), 0 x ($i-$intlen);
} else {
print substr($$integer, 0, $i);
}
# output , and 3 digits until whole number is exhausted
#
while ($i < $intlen) {
# output the separator, we add a newline if the line
# is at or beyond the limit
#
if (++$col >= $linelen) {
print "$sep\n";
$col = 1;
} else {
print $sep;
}
# output 3 more digits
#
if ($i+3 > $intlen) {
print substr($$integer, $i, 3), 0 x ($i+3-$intlen);
} else {
print substr($$integer, $i, 3);
}
$col += 3;
$i += 3;
}
# if biased > 0, output sets of 0's until decimal point/comma
#
if ($wholelen->bcmp($intlen) > 0) { # if >$intlen
while ($wholelen->bcmp($i) > 0) { # while $i < $wholelen
# output the separator, we add a newline if the line
# is at or beyond the limit
#
if (++$col >= $linelen) {
print "$sep\n";
$col = 1;
} else {
print $sep;
}
# output 3 more digits
#
print "000";
$col += 3;
$i += 3;
}
}
# print the decimal point/comma followed by the fractional
# part if needed
#
if (defined($$fract)) {
my $offset; # offset within fract bring printed
# print the decimal point/comma and move to a new line
#
print "$point\n";
$col = 1;
$offset = 0;
# if biased, print leading 0's then the fract digits
# line with the first fract digits
#
if ($bias < 0) {
# print whole lines of 0's while we have lots of bias
#
# while $bias < -$linelen
$bias->badd($linelen);
while ($bias < 0) {
print "0" x $linelen, "\n";
$bias->badd($linelen);
}
$bias->bsub($linelen);
# print the last line of bias 0's
#
# NOTE: Some implementations, using a BigInt count
# in an x (duplication) does not work. So we
# avoid this by printing using a scalar repeater.
#
if ($bias != 0) {
$i = $bias->bstr();
print "0" x -$i;
$offset += -$i;
}
# print the first line of fract to fill out the line
#
if ($offset <= $linelen) {
print substr($$fract, 0, $linelen-$offset), "\n";
} else {
print "\n";
}
# print the rest of the faction in linelen chunks
#
for ($i = $linelen-$offset; $i < $fractlen; $i += $linelen) {
print substr($$fract, $i, $linelen), "\n";
}
# non-biased printing of fract digits
#
} else {
# print the rest of the faction in linelen chunks
#
for ($i = 0; $i < $fractlen; $i += $linelen) {
print substr($$fract, $i, $linelen), "\n";
}
}
}
}
# end of the number
print "\n";
}
# latin_root - return the Latin root of a number
#
# given:
# $num number to construct
# $millia addition number of millia to add to the latin_root
#
# Prints the latin root name on which we can add llion or lliard to
# form a name for 1000^($num+1), depending on American or European
# name system.
#
# The effect of $millia is to multiply $num by 1000^$millia.
#
sub latin_root($$)
{
my ($num, $millia) = @_; # get args
my $numstr; # $num as a string
my @set3; # set of 3 digits, $set3[0] is the most significant
my $d3; # 3rd digit in a set of 3
my $d2; # 2nd digit in a set of 3
my $d1; # 1st digit in a set of 3
my $l3; # latin name for 3rd digit in a set of 3
my $l2; # latin name for 2nd digit in a set of 3
my $l1; # latin name for 1st digit in a set of 3
my $len; # number of sets of 3 including the final (perhaps partial) 3
my $millia_cnt; # number of millia's to print
my $i;
# firewall
#
if ($millia < 0) {
err("FATAL: Internal error, millia: $millia < 0 in latin_root()");
}
# deal with small special cases for small values
#
if ($millia == 0 && $num < @l_special) {
print $l_special[$num], $dash;
return;
}
# determine the number of sets of 3 and the length
#
($numstr = $num) =~ s/[^\d]//g;
$i = length($numstr);
$len = int(($i + 2) / 3);
if ($i % 3 == 0) {
@set3 = unpack("a3"x$len, $numstr);
} elsif ($i % 3 == 1) {
@set3 = unpack("a"."a3"x($len-1), $numstr);
$set3[0] = "00" . $set3[0];
} else {
@set3 = unpack("a2"."a3"x($len-1), $numstr);
$set3[0] = "0" . $set3[0];
}
# Determine how many millia's we will initially print
#
# We have to be careful about how we compute $millia+len-1
# so that it will not become a floating value.
#
$millia_cnt = $millia->copy();
$millia_cnt->badd($len);
# process each set of 3 digits up to but not
# including the last set of 3
#
for ($i=0; $i < $len; ++$i) {
# keep track of the number of millia's we might print
#
if ($millia_cnt > 0) {
$millia_cnt->bdec();
}
# do nothing if 000
#
if ($set3[$i] == 0) {
next;
}
# extract digits in the current set of 3
#
# The 100's place is a little bit tricky. Normally the hundred names
# end in a ``t'', however when we are dealing with the last set of
# 3 and there is no tens or ones, then the ''t'' is thought to belong
# to the final ``tillion'' or ``tillard''.
#
$d1 = substr($set3[$i], 2, 1);
$l1 = (($d1 > 0) ? $l_unit[$d1] . $dash : "");
$d2 = substr($set3[$i], 1, 1);
$l2 = (($d2 > 0) ? $l_ten[$d2] . $dash : "");
$d3 = substr($set3[$i], 0, 1);
$l3 = (($d3 > 0) ? $l_hundred[$d3] .
(($i == $len-1 && $d1 == 0 && $d2 == 0) ? "" : "t") .
$dash : "");
# print the 3 digits
#
# We will skip the printing of the 3 digits if
# we have just 001 in all but the lowest set of 3.
# This results in no output so that we wind up with
# something such as:
#
# something-tillion
#
# instead of:
#
# un-something-tillion
#
if ($i > 0 || $d3 != 0 || $d2 != 0 || $d1 != 1) {
print "$l3$l1$l2";
}
# print millia's as needed
#
if ($millia > 0 || $i < $len-1) {
if ($opt_m) {
# print millia's with ^number (-m) notation
#
if ($millia_cnt->bcmp(1) > 0) { # if $millia_cnt > 1
print "millia^", $millia_cnt->bstr(), $dash;
} else {
print "millia", $dash;
}
} else {
# print the millia's without ^number (-n) notation
#
# NOTE: Some implementations, using a BigInt count
# in an x (duplication) does not work. So we
# avoid this by printing big_bias chuncks at a time.
#
$millia_cnt->bsub($big_bias);
while($millia_cnt > 0) {
print "millia$dash" x $big_bias;
$millia_cnt->bsub($big_bias);
}
$millia_cnt->badd($big_bias);
if ($millia_cnt != 0) {
my $tmp;
$tmp = $millia_cnt->bstr();
print "millia$dash" x $tmp;
}
}
}
}
# For the case of ending in 1x we need to end in an 'i'
# instead of the usual 'ti'. This is because we say:
#
# trecen-dec-illion
#
# instead of:
#
# trecen-dec-tillion
#
if (defined($d2) && $d2 == 1) {
print "i";
} else {
print "ti";
}
# all done
#
return;
}
# american_kilo - return the name of power of 1000 under American system
#
# given:
# $power power of 1000
#
# Prints the name of 1000^$power.
#
sub american_kilo($)
{
my $power = $_[0]; # get arg
my $big; # $power as a BigInt
# firewall
#
if ($power < 0) {
err("Negative powers of 1000 not supported: $power");
}
# We treat 0 as nothing
#
if ($power == 0) {
return;
# We must deal with 1 special since it does not use a direct Latin root
#
} elsif ($power == 1) {
print "thousand";
# Otherwise we use the Latin root process to construct the value.
#
} else {
$big = Math::BigInt->new($power);
latin_root($big->bdec(), Math::BigInt->bzero());
print "llion";
}
}
# european_kilo - return the name of power of 1000 under European system
#
# given:
# $power power of 1000
#
# Prints the name of 1000^$power.
#
# The European system uses both "llion" and "lliard" suffixes for
# each root value. The "llion" is for even powers and the "lliard"
# is for off powers.
#
# Because both "llion" and "lliard" suffixes are used, we need to
# divide in half, the value before using the Latin root system.
#
sub european_kilo($)
{
my $power = $_[0]; # get arg
my $mod2; # $power mod 2
my $big; # $power as a BigInt
# firewall
#
if ($power < 0) {
err("Negative powers of 1000 not supported: $power");
}
# We treat 0 as nothing
#
if ($power == 0) {
return;
# We must deal with 1 special since it does not use a direct Latin root
#
} elsif ($power == 1) {
print "thousand";
# Use latin_root to determine the root while taking care to
# deterine of we will end in "llion" (even big,biasmillia combo)
# or end in "lliard" (odd big,biasmillia combo).
#
} else {
# divide $power by 2 and note if it was even or odd
#
# Some BigInt implementations issue uninitialized
# warnings internal to the BigInt code with the
# bdiv below. We block these bogus warnings.
#
$big = Math::BigInt->new($power);
$^W = 0;
($big, $mod2) = $big->bdiv($two);
$^W = $warn;
# Even roots use "llion"
#
if ($mod2 == 0) {
latin_root($big, Math::BigInt->bzero());
print "llion";
# Odd roots use "lliard"
#
} else {
latin_root($big, Math::BigInt->bzero());
print "lliard";
}
}
}
# power_of_ten - just print name of a the power of 10
#
# given:
# \$power the power of 10 to name print
# $system the number system ('American' or 'European')
# $bias power of 10 bias (as BigInt) during de-sci notation conversion
#
sub power_of_ten($$$)
{
my ($power, $system, $bias) = @_; # get args
my $kilo_power; # power of 1000 to ask about
my $big; # $power as a BigInt
my $mod3; # $big mod 3
my $mod2; # $kilo_power mod 2
my $biasmod3; # bias mod 3
my $biasmillia; # int(bias/3)
my $bias_big; # approx power of 10 ($bias+$big)
my $i;
# firewall
#
if ($bias < 0) {
err("FATAL: Internal error, bias: $bias < 0 in power_of_ten()");
}
# Convert $$power arg into BigInt format
#
$big = Math::BigInt->new($$power);
# convert the power of 10 into a multiplier and a power of 1000
#
# If we gave -l, then we will assume that we are dealing with
# a power of 1000 instead of a power of 10.
#
if ($opt_l) {
# Web firewall
#
if ($html && !$opt_m && $bias->bcmp($big_latin_power) > 0) {
big_err();
}
# increase the power based on bias mod 3
#
# Some BigInt implementations issue uninitialized
# warnings internal to the BigInt code with the
# division and mod below. We block these bogus warnings.
#
$^W = 0;
($biasmillia, $biasmod3) = $bias->bdiv($three);
$^W = $warn;
if ($biasmod3 == 1) {
$big->bmul($ten);
} elsif ($biasmod3 == 2) {
$big->bmul($hundred);
}
# under -l, we deal with powers of 1000 above 1000
#
$kilo_power = $big->copy();
# under -l, our multiplier name is always one
#
print "one";
} else {
# firewall
#
if ($bias != 0) {
if ($html) {
err("Scientific notation is not supported for powers\n" .
"of 10 at this time. Try using Latin powers or enter" .
" the\nnumber without scientific notation.");
} else {
err("Scientific notation is not supported for powers of" .
"10\n" .
"of 10 at this time. Try using Latin powers or enter" .
" the\nnumber without scientific notation.");
}
}
# convert power of 10 into power of 1000
#
# Some BigInt implementations issue uninitialized
# warnings internal to the BigInt code with the
# bdiv below. We block these bogus warnings.
#
$^W = 0;
($kilo_power, $mod3) = $big->bdiv(3);
$^W = $warn;
$biasmillia = Math::BigInt->bzero();
# print the multiplier name
#
if ($mod3 < 1) {
print "one";
} elsif ($mod3 == 1) {
print "ten";
} else {
print "one hundred";
}
}
# A zero kilo_power means that we only have 1, 10 or 100
# and so there is nothing else to print.
#
if ($kilo_power->bcmp(1) < 0 && $biasmillia == 0) {
# nothing else to print
# We must treat a kilo_power of 1 as a special case
# because 'thousand' does not have a Latin root base.
#
} elsif ($kilo_power == 1 && $biasmillia == 0) {
print " thousand";
# print the name based on the American name system
#
} elsif ($system eq 'American') {
print " ";
latin_root($kilo_power->bdec(), $biasmillia);
print "llion";
# print the name based on the European name system
#
} else {
# divide $kilo_power by 2 taking into account any $biasmillia
#
# We must determine if the kilo_power and biasmillia combination
# is even or odd.
#
# Some BigInt implementations issue uninitialized
# warnings internal to the BigInt code with the
# division and mod below. We block these bogus warnings.
#
$^W = 0;
if (($kilo_power % 2) == 0) {
# kilo_power is even so kilo_power,biasmillia is even
#
$kilo_power->bdiv($two);
$mod2 = 0;
} else {
# If we have biasmillia, then the kilo_power,biasmillia combination
# is even. We divide by 2 by multiplying by 500 while reducing
# biasmillia by one. This results in an even number.
#
if ($biasmillia > 0) {
$kilo_power->bmul($five_hundred);
$biasmillia->bdec();
$mod2 = 0;
# We do not have biasmillia and kilo_power is odd, so we must use
# the "lliard" roots
#
} else {
$kilo_power->bdec();
$kilo_power->bdiv($two);
$mod2 = 1;
}
}
$^W = $warn;
# Even roots use "llion"
#
if ($mod2 == 0) {
print " ";
latin_root($kilo_power, $biasmillia);
print "llion";
# Odd roots use "lliard"
#
} else {
print " ";
latin_root($kilo_power, $biasmillia);
print "lliard";
}
}
print "\n";
}
# print_name - print the name of a number
#
# given:
# $neg 1 => number is negative, 0 => non-negative
# \$integer integer part of the number
# \$fract fractional part of number (or undef)
# $system number system ('American' or 'European')
# $bias power of 10 bias (as BigInt) during de-sci
# notation conversion
#
sub print_name($$$$$)
{
my ($neg, $integer, $fract, $system, $bias) = @_; # get args
my $bias_mod3; # bias % 3
my $millia; # millia arg, power of 1000 for a given set f 3
my $intstr; # integer as a string
my $intlen; # length of integer part in digits
my $fractlen = 0; # length of the fractional part
my $cnt3; # current set of 3 index (or partial of highest)
my $set3; # set of 3 digits
my $indx; # index into integer
my $i;
# process a leading -, if needed
#
if ($neg) {
print "negative ";
}
# must deal with the zero as a special case
#
if ($$integer eq "0") {
print "zero";
}
# convert integer to string
#
($intstr = $$integer) =~ s/[^\d]//g;
# For a bias > 0, we want that bias to be a multiple of 3
# so that we can add it to the 1st arg (power of 1000) of
# either american_kilo() or european_kilo().
#
# We any bias % 3 and 'move' to the integer by adding 1 or 2 0's
# to the end of it.
#
if ($bias > 0) {
# compute $bias % 3 and make $bias a multiple of 3
#
# Some BigInt implementations issue uninitialized
# warnings internal to the BigInt code with the
# bdiv below. We block these bogus warnings.
#
$^W = 0;
($bias, $bias_mod3) = $bias->bdiv($three);
$^W = $warn;
# ``move`` the $bias % 3 value onto the end of integer
#
if ($bias_mod3 == 1) {
$intstr .= "0";
} elsif ($bias_mod3 == 2) {
$intstr .= "00";
}
}
# determine the number of sets of 3
#
$intlen = length($intstr);
$cnt3 = int(($intlen+2)/3);
$millia = Math::BigInt->new($bias);
# determine if the web limits will apply
#
if (defined($$fract)) {
$fractlen = length($$fract);
}
if ($html) {
my $fulllen; # approximate length of the input as BigInt
$fulllen = Math::BigInt->new(abs($fractlen) + abs($intlen));
if ($bias < 0) {
$fulllen->bsub($bias);
}
if ($fulllen->bcmp($big_digits) > 0) { # if $fulllen > $big_digits
big_err();
}
}
# print the highest order set, which may be partial
#
$indx = 3-((3*$cnt3)-$intlen);
$set3 = substr($intstr, 0, $indx);
print_3($set3);
print " ";
--$cnt3;
if ($system eq 'American') {
if ($bias > 0) {
american_kilo($millia+$cnt3);
} else {
american_kilo($cnt3);
}
} else {
if ($bias > 0) {
european_kilo($millia+$cnt3);
} else {
european_kilo($cnt3);
}
}
# process all of the the remaining full sets of 3 (if any)
#
while (--$cnt3 >= 0) {
$set3 = substr($intstr, $indx, 3);
$indx += 3;
next if $set3 == 0;
if ($opt_o) {
print ", ";
} else {
print ",\n";
}
print_3($set3);
if ($cnt3 > 0 || $bias > 0) {
print " ";
if ($system eq 'American') {
if ($bias > 0) {
american_kilo($millia+$cnt3);
} else {
american_kilo($cnt3);
}
} else {
if ($bias > 0) {
european_kilo($millia+$cnt3);
} else {
european_kilo($cnt3);
}
}
}
}
# print after the decimal point if needed
#
if (defined($$fract)) {
my $len; # length of current line
my $line; # current line being formed
# mark the decimal point/comma
#
if (!$opt_o) {
print "\n";
}
if ($system eq 'American') {
print "point";
} else {
print "comma";
}
if ($opt_o) {
print " ";
} else {
print "\n";
$len = 0;
}
# if biased, print off leading zero's
#
while ($bias < 0) {
my $zero = $digits[0]; # zero digit
my $diglen = length($zero)+1; # length of zero name + space
$bias->binc();
if ($opt_o) {
print " $zero";
} else {
if ($len <= 0) {
print $zero;
$len = $diglen - 1;
} elsif ($len + $diglen < 80) {
print " $zero";
$len += $diglen;
} else {
print "\n$zero";
$len = $diglen - 1;
}
}
}
# list off the digits
#
for ($i=0; $i < length($$fract); ++$i) {
my $dig = $digits[substr($$fract, $i, 1)]; # the digit to print
my $diglen = length($dig)+1; # length of digit + ' '
if ($opt_o) {
print " $dig";
} else {
if ($len <= 0) {
print $dig;
$len = $diglen - 1;
} elsif ($len + $diglen < 80) {
print " $dig";
$len += $diglen;
} else {
print "\n$dig";
$len = $diglen - 1;
}
}
}
}
print "\n";
}
# print_3 - print 3 digits
#
# given:
# $dig3 1 to 3 digits
#
# Will print the english name of a number form 0 thru 999.
#
sub print_3($)
{
my ($number) = @_; # get args
my $num; # working value of number
my $name_3; # 3 digit name
# pre-compute name of 3 digits if we do not alread have it
#
if (! defined($english_3[$number])) {
# setup
#
err("print_3 called with arg not in [0,999] range: $number")
if ($number < 0 || $number > 999);
$name_3 = "";
# determine the hundreds name, if needed
#
if ($number > 99) {
$name_3 = $digits[$number/100] . " hundred";
}
# determine the name of tens and one if more than 19
#
$num = $number % 100;
if ($num > 19) {
if ($number > 99) {
$name_3 .= " ";
}
$name_3 .= $tens[$num/10];
if ($num % 10 > 0) {
$name_3 .= " " . $digits[$num % 10];
}
# determine the name of tens and one if more than 9
#
} elsif ($num > 9) {
if ($number > 99) {
$name_3 .= " ";
}
$name_3 .= $teens[$num-10];
# otherwise determine the name the digit
#
} elsif ($num > 0) {
if ($number > 99) {
$name_3 .= " ";
}
$name_3 .= $digits[$num];
}
# save the 3 digit name
#
$english_3[$number] = $name_3;
}
# print the 3 digit name
#
print $english_3[$number];
}
# cgi_form - print the CGI/HTML form
#
# returns:
# $num input value
#
sub cgi_form()
{
# radio label sets
#
my %input_label = (
"number" => " Just a number",
"exp" => " Power of 10",
"latin" => " Latin power (1000^number)"
);
my %output_label = (
"name" => " English name",
"digit" => " Decimal digits if input is just a number"
);
my %system_label = (
"usa" => " American system",
"europe" => " European system"
);
my %millia_label = (
"dup" => " milliamillia...",
"power" => " millia^7 (compact form)"
);
my %dash_label = (
"nodash" => " without any -'s",
"dash" => " with -'s between parts of words"
);
print $cgi->header, "\n";
print $cgi->start_html(
-title => 'The English name of a number',
-bgcolor => '#98B8D8'), "\n";
print $cgi->h1('The English name of a number'), "\n";
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print "See the ", "\n";
print $cgi->a({'HREF' =>
"http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/number/example.html"},
"example / help");
print " page for an explanation of the options below.\n";
print $cgi->br, "\n";
print "See also the ", "\n";
print $cgi->a({'HREF' =>
"http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/number/number.html"},
"English name of a number home page"), "\n";
print ".\n";
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print $cgi->start_form, "\n";
print "Type of input:", "\n";
print " " x 4, "\n";
print $cgi->radio_group(-name => 'input',
-values => ['number', 'exp', 'latin'],
-labels => \%input_label,
-default => 'number'), "\n";
print $cgi->br, "\n";
print "Type of output:", "\n";
print " " x 2, "\n";
print $cgi->radio_group(-name => 'output',
-values => ['name', 'digit'],
-labels => \%output_label,
-default => 'name'), "\n";
print $cgi->br, "\n";
print "Name system:", "\n";
print " " x 4, "\n";
print $cgi->radio_group(-name => 'system',
-values => ['usa', 'europe'],
-labels => \%system_label,
-default => 'usa'), "\n";
print $cgi->br, "\n";
print "Millia style:", "\n";
print " " x 8, "\n";
print $cgi->radio_group(-name => 'millia',
-values => ['dup', 'power'],
-labels => \%millia_label,
-default => 'dup'), "\n";
print $cgi->br, "\n";
print "Dash style:", "\n";
print " " x 10, "\n";
print $cgi->radio_group(-name => 'dash',
-values => ['nodash', 'dash'],
-labels => \%dash_label,
-default => 'nodash'), "\n";
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print $cgi->b('Enter a number:'), "\n";
print $cgi->br, "\n";
print $cgi->textarea(-name => 'number',
-rows => '10',
-columns => '60'), "\n";
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print $cgi->submit(name=>'Name that number'), "\n";
print " NOTE: We limit POSTs on web to ~$big_input characters,\n";
print "see below.\n";
print $cgi->end_form, "\n";
# Prep for the reply
#
# We need to convert the CGI parameters into values that
# would have been set if we were processing the input
# on the command line.
#
# determine the input mode
#
if (defined($cgi->param('input'))) {
if ($cgi->param('input') eq "exp") {
$opt_p = 1; # assume -p (power of 10)
} elsif ($cgi->param('input') eq "latin") {
$opt_l = 1; # assume -l (1000 ^ number))
}
}
# determine the output mode
#
if (defined($cgi->param('output')) &&
$cgi->param('output') eq "digit") {
$opt_c = 1; # assume -c (comma/dot decimal)
}
# determine the system
#
if (defined($cgi->param('system')) &&
$cgi->param('system') eq "europe") {
$opt_e = 1; # assume -e (European system)
}
# determine the millia style
#
if (defined($cgi->param('millia')) &&
$cgi->param('millia') eq "power") {
$opt_m = 1; # assume -m (compact millia method)
}
# determine the dash method in names
#
if (defined($cgi->param('dash')) && $cgi->param('dash') eq "dash") {
$opt_d = 1; # assume -d (use -'s in names)
}
# return the number
#
return $cgi->param('number');
}
# trailer - print the trailer
#
# given:
# $arg 1 => suppress message about obtaining the source
#
# If the arg passed is 1, then the message about obtaining the source
# if suppressed.
#
sub trailer($)
{
my $arg = $_[0];
# close off input
#
if ($preblock && $html == 1) {
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print "\n
\n";
}
if ($html == 1) {
print "
\n\n";
}
}
# big_err - print a too big error and exit
#
sub big_err()
{
# close off input
#
if ($preblock) {
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print " \n
\n";
}
# print too big error
#
print $cgi->p,
$cgi->b("SORRY!"),
" We have imposed an arbitrary size limit on",
" the output of this CGI program.",
$cgi->p,
"Even though there is no limit on the size of\n",
"of number that the algorithm can name, we had to put some limit\n",
"on the amount of output we will print. Otherwise someone\n",
"could enter a huge number such as causing the server to flood the\n",
"network with lots of data ... assuming we had the memory to form\n",
"the print buffer in the first place!\n";
# tell about some of the limits
#
print $cgi->p,
"The arbitrary size limit as approximately as follows:\n",
" \n",
"- No more than $big_input characters of input\n",
"
- Latin power scientific notation exponent < ",
$big_latin_power, " when using non-compact millia style
\n",
"(i.e., when entering digitseexp ",
"keep exp < ", $big_latin_power,
" or use compact millia^7... Millia style)\n",
" - Decimal expansion limited to about $big_decimal digits\n",
"
\n";
# print a suggestion
#
if ($opt_c) {
print $cgi->p,
"Instead of printing the digits of a number, you might\n",
"try printing the ",
$cgi->b("English name"),
" instead.\n";
} elsif ($opt_p) {
print $cgi->p,
"You might try rasing ",
$cgi->b("Latin powers"),
" (1000^latin_power) instead of just powers of 10.\n";
} elsif ($opt_l && !$opt_m) {
print $cgi->p,
"You might try turning on the\n",
$cgi->b("compact form"),
" of the Millia style (e.g., millia^7).\n",
"Often that reduces the amount of output enough\n",
"to drop under the arbitrary size limit.\n";
}
# tell them about running it themselves
#
print $cgi->p,
"If none of those options are what you want/need, you can\n",
"run this program on your own computer in the non-CGI mode.\n",
"The non-CGI mode has no internal size restrictions and is\n",
"limited only by time and your systems resources.\n",
"You may download the\n",
$cgi->a({'href' => "/chongo/tech/math/number/number"},
"source"),
" and run it yourself.\n",
$cgi->p,
"If you do download the\n",
$cgi->a({'href' => "/chongo/tech/math/number/number"},
"source"),
" save it as either the filename ",
$cgi->b("number.cgi"),
" or ",
$cgi->b("number"),
".",
" The CGI script ",
$cgi->b("number.cgi"),
" operates as it is doing now with size limits.",
" The Perl script ",
$cgi->b("number"),
" reads a number from standard input, has no size limits",
"and does not perform any CGI/HTML actions.",
"\n",
$cgi->p;
trailer(1);
exit(1);
}
# err - report an error in CGI/HTML or die form
#
# given:
# $msg the message to print
#
sub err($)
{
my $msg = $_[0]; # get args
# just issue the die message if not in CGI/HTML mode
#
if ($html == 0 || $cgi == 0) {
if ($html != 0) {
print "Content-type: text/plain\n\n";
}
die $msg, "\n";
}
# error message in CGI/HTML
#
if ($preblock == 0) {
print $cgi->p, "\n";
print $cgi->hr, "\n";
print $cgi->p, "\n";
}
print $cgi->b("SORRY!"), "\n", $msg, "\n";
trailer(0);
exit(1);
}
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LINUX